[Redacción]
En el amanecer, los rayos del Sol llegan casi paralelos a la superficie
Cada rayo atraviesa una gruesa capa de gases atmosféricos
Estos filtran la radiación solar, y solo dejan pasar luz roja
Boca del Río, Veracruz.- Se suele decir que la Tierra es el planeta azul por el color de sus océanos, pero en realidad la atmósfera y su composición tienen mucho que ver en esa coloración, la cual es común observar en el cielo de la conurbación Veracruz-Boca del Río, en el amanecer de hoy lunes 21 de octubre.
De hecho, el mar no presenta un color azul porque lo tenga el agua, ya que al tomar una muestra de agua marina se aprecia claramente que es incolora, un poco translúcida por la materia en suspensión. Pero no es azul. Si los mares son azules es porque reflejan el color del cielo. Cuando el cielo está gris y nublado, el color del mar dista mucho de ser azul.
El color del cielo, por otra parte, es consecuencia de la filtración de la luz realizada por la atmósfera. La luz interacciona con los gases atmosféricos y como consecuencia se producen los colores en el cielo que se pueden observar casi cada día.
En ausencia de atmósfera, estos colores no aparecería, tal y como ocurre en la Luna. Por ello en nuestro satélite, el cielo es negro.
En el amanecer, los rayos del Sol llegan casi paralelos a la superficie. Cada rayo atraviesa una gruesa capa de gases atmosféricos. Estos filtran la radiación solar, y solo dejan pasar luz roja.
El color rojo del cielo se intensifica si hay mucha humedad en el aire o se avecinan lluvias.
En el ocaso, a medida que el Sol está más cerca del horizonte, la luz atraviesa una porción de atmósfera cada vez mayor para llegar a nosotros a través de la atmósfera que es muy delgada comparada con el radio terrestre y en la medida que ocurre, el color del Sol va cambiando primero a anaranjado, luego a rojo, lo cual se debe a que se van dispersando cada vez más las longitudes de onda cortas, azul o verde, y sólo nos llega la luz más roja.
Mientras que el cielo alrededor del sol poniente puede tomar colores muy variados. Cuando el aire contiene gran cantidad de partículas de polvo o gotitas de agua, éstas reflejan luz blanca en todas direcciones; sobre esta luz actúa la dispersión Rayleigh, eliminando las longitudes de onda más cortas y por eso el cielo se ve rojizo. (Fuente: Astrofisicayfisica.com/Fotos: Mercedes Guerra Lira)
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